Water Resources Engineering Quiz Set-1 [2025]

Welcome to “Water Resources Engineering Quiz Set-1 [2025]”!

In this blog, we’ve curated 50+ thought-provoking multiple-choice questions covering the fundamental and advanced concepts of water resources engineering. “Water Resources Engineering Quiz Set-1 [2025]” is designed to help you refresh your basics, challenge your knowledge, and gain practical insights into the principles and techniques of managing water resources.

Whether you’re a civil engineering student, a water resources professional, or preparing for competitive exams, this quiz is the perfect way to enhance your expertise in water resources engineering.

Let’s dive into the “Water Resources Engineering Quiz Set-1 [2025]” and start exploring!

Water Resources Engineering

Water Resources Engineering

1 / 76

For measuring very low pressure which of the following you will use?

a) barometer

b) piezometer

c) manometer

d) none of these

2 / 76

The horizontal to vertical side slope in case of cippolete weir is

a) 1:1

b) 1:3

c) 1:2

d) 1:4

3 / 76

Model analysis of free surface flows are based on

a) Reynolds’s number

b) Froude’s no

c) Mach no

d) Euler no

4 / 76

Variability of rainfall is
i) largest in regions of high rainfall                ii) largest in coastal areas
iii) largest in regions of scanty rainfall
The correct answer is

a) only (i)

b) (i) and (ii)

c) only (iii)

d) (ii) and (iii)

5 / 76

Study the following statements.
i) Levees are constructed parallel to river flow,
ii) Spurs are constructed parallel to river flow,
iii) Levees are constructed transverse to river flow,
iv) Spurs are constructed transverse to river flow.
The correct answer is

a) (i) and (ii)

b) (i) and (iv)

c) (ii) and (iii)

d) (iii) and (iv)

6 / 76

Select the correct statement.

a) A meander increases the river length but a cut off reduces the river length.

b) A cutoff increases the river length but a meander reduces the river length.

c) Both meander and cutoff increase the river length.

d) Both meander and cutoff decrease the river length

7 / 76

The meander pattern of a river is developed by

a) average discharge

b) dominant discharge

c) maximum discharge

d) critical discharge

8 / 76

An aggrading river is a

a) silting river

b) scouring river

c) both silting and scouring river

d) neither silting nor scouring river

9 / 76

The aqueduct or superpassage type of works are generally used when

a) high flood drainage discharge is small

b) high flood drainage discharge is large and short lived

c) high flood drainage discharge is large and continues for a long time

d) none of the above

10 / 76

Which of the following can be used as a meter fall?

a) vertical drop fall

b) flumed glacis fall

c) unflumed glacis fall

d) all of the above

11 / 76

Which of the following canal structures is used to remove surplus water from an irrigation channel into a natural drain?

a) canal fall

b) canal outlet

c) canal escape

d) canal regulator

12 / 76

Wetted perimeter of a regime channel for a discharge of 64 cumecs as per Lacey's theory will be

a) 19 m

b) 38 m

c) 57 m

d) 76 m

13 / 76

As per Lacey's theory, the silt factor is

a) directly proportional to average particle size

b) inversely proportional to average particle size

c) directly proportional to square root of average particle size

d) not related to average particle size

14 / 76

Silt excluders are constructed on the

a) river bed upstream of head regulator

b) river bed downstream of head regulator

c) canal bed upstream of head regulator

d) canal bed downstream of head regulator

15 / 76

The main function of a divide wall is to

a) control the silt entry in the canal

b) prevent river floods from entering the canal

c) separate the undersluices from weir proper

d) provide smooth flow at sufficiently low velocity

16 / 76

If there are two canals taking off from each flank of a river, then there will be

a) one divide wall and one undersluice

b) one divide wall and two undersluices

c) two divide walls and one undersluice

d) two divide walls and two undersluices

17 / 76

Coefficient of discharge of an ogee spillway

a) depends on depth of approach and upstream slope

b) depends on downstream apron interference and downstream submergence

c) remains constant

d) both (a) and (b)

18 / 76

Presence of tail water in a gravity dam
i) increases the principal stress                 ii) decreases the principal stress
iii) increases the shear stress                    iv) decreases the shear stress
The correct answer is

a) (i) and (iii)

b) (i)and(iv)

c) (ii) and (iii)

d) (ii) and (iv)

19 / 76

When the reservoir is full, the maximum compressive force in a gravity dam is produced

a) at the toe

b) at the heel

c) within the middle third of base

d) at centre of base

20 / 76

The major resisting force in a gravity dam is

a) water pressure

b) wave pressure

c) self-weight of dam

d) uplift pressure

21 / 76

Horizontal acceleration due to earthquake results in

a) hydrodynamic pressure

b) inertia force into the body of the dam

c) both (a) and (b)

d) none of the above

22 / 76

The uplift pressure on the face of a drainage gallery in a dam is taken as

a) hydrostatic pressure at toe

b) average of hydrostatic pressure at toe and heel

c) two-third of hydrostatic pressure at toe plus one-third of hydrostatic pressure at heel

d) none of the above

23 / 76

The uplift pressure on a dam can be controlled by
i) constructing cutoff under upstream face
ii) constructing drainage channels between the dam and its foundation
iii) by pressure grouting in foundation

The correct answer is

a) only (i)

b) both (i) and (ii)

c) both (i) and (iii)

d) (i), (ii) and (iii)

24 / 76

Momentum correction factor β for laminar flow in a circular pipe is

a) 1.33

b) 1.50

c)1.0

d) 1.34

25 / 76

Velocity distribution profile for laminar flow between parallel plates is

a) constant

b) parabolic

c) linear

d) logarithmic

26 / 76

If the head over the triangular notch is doubled, discharged will increase to

a) 2Q

b) 2.828Q

c) 5.657Q

d) 4Q

27 / 76

The total capacity of a reservoir is 25 million cubic metres and dead storage is 5 million cubic metres. If the average volume of sediment deposition is 0.10 million cubic metre per year, then the usefulness of the reservoir will start reducing after

a) 50 years

b) 150 years

c) 200 years

d) 250 years

28 / 76

Trap efficiency of a reservoir is a function of

a) capacity/inflow ratio

b) capacity/outflow ratio

c) outflow/inflow ratio

d) none of the above

29 / 76

For a flood control reservoir, the effective storage is equal to

a) useful storage - valley storage

b) useful storage + surcharge storage

c) useful storage + surcharge storage + valley storage

d) useful storage + surcharge storage -valley storage

30 / 76

The water stored in the reservoir below the minimum pool level is called

a) useful storage

b) dead storage

c) valley storage

d) surcharge storage

31 / 76

The useful storage is the volume of water stored in the reservoir between

a) minimum pool level and maximum pool level

b) minimum pool level and normal pool level

c) normal pool level and maximum pool level

d) river bed and minimum pool level

32 / 76

A multipurpose reservoir is the one which is

a) designed for one purpose but serves more than one purpose

b) planned and constructed to serve various purposes

c) both (a) and (b)

d) none of the above

33 / 76

A deep well

a) is always deeper than a shallow well

b) has more discharge than a shallow well

c) is weaker structurally than a shallow well

d) both (a) and (b)

34 / 76

If the Froude no in open channel is less than 1 the flow is called

a) critical

b) super critical

c) sub critical

d) None of these

35 / 76

The flow in a open channel is turbulent, if the Reynolds no is

a) 2000

b) > 2000

c) >4000

d) 4000

36 / 76

The velocity distribution in turbulent flow follows

a) parabolic law

b) logarithmic law

c) linear law

d) hyperbolic law

37 / 76

An artesian aquifer is the one where

a) water surface under the ground is at atmospheric pressure

b) water is under pressure between two impervious strata

c) water table serves as upper surface of zone of saturation

d) none of the above

38 / 76

S-hydrograph is used to obtain unit hydrograph of

a) shorter duration from longer duration

b) longer duration from shorter duration

c) both (a) and (b)

d) none of the above

39 / 76

The unit hydrograph of a specified duration can be used to evaluate the hydrograph of storms of

a) same duration only

b) same and shorter duration

c) same and longer duration

d) any duration

40 / 76

The unit hydrograph due to a storm may be obtained by dividing the ordinates of the direct runoff hydrograph by

a) direct runoff volume

b) period of storm

c) total rainfal

d) none of the above

41 / 76

The best unit duration of storm for a unit hydrograph is

a) 1 hour

b) one-fourth of basin lag

c) one-half of basin lag

d) equal to basin lag

42 / 76

The normal annual precipitation at stations X, A, B and C are 700 mm, 1000 mm, 900 mm and 800 mm respectively. If the storm precipitation at three station A, B and C were 100 mm, 90 mm and 80 mm respectively, then the storm precipitation for station X will be

a) 70mm

b) 80mm

c) 90 mm

d) 105 mm

43 / 76

The rainfalls of five successive days were measured as 100 mm, 80 mm, 60 mm, 40 mm and 20 mm respectively. If the infiltration index or the storm loss rate for the catchment area is earlier estimated as 50 mm/day, the total surface run off will be

a) 50 mm

b) 60 mm

c) 90 mm

d) 140 mm

44 / 76

If it rains between 2 P.M. and 3 P.M. and the entire basin area just starts contributing water at 3 P.M. to the outlet, then time of concentration will be

a) 15 minutes

b) 20 minutes

c) 30 minutes

d) 60 minutes

45 / 76

A current meter is used to measure the

a) velocity of flow of water

b) depth of flow of water

c) discharge

d) none of the above

46 / 76

The area between the isohyets 45 cm and 55 cm is 100 square km and between 55 cm and 65 cm is 150 square km. The average depth of annual precipitation over the above basin of 250 square km will be

a) 50 cm

b) 55 cm

c) 56 cm

d) 60 cm

47 / 76

The runoff increases with

a) increase in intensity of rain

b) increase in infiltration capacity

c) increase in permeability of soil

d) all of the above

48 / 76

Unit of runoff in M.K.S. system is

a) cubic metre/sec

b) metre/sec

c) cubic metre

d) square metre

49 / 76

When surface of transpiration is submerged under water, then potential evapotranspiration is

a) much more than evapotranspiration

b) much less than evapotranspiration

c) equal to evapotranspiration

d) equal to or less than evapotranspiration

50 / 76

A Turbine is called reaction turbine, if at the inlet of the turbine the total energy is

a) Kinetic energy only

b) kinetic energy & pressure energy

c) pressure energy only

d) none of these

51 / 76

In MLT system the dimension for specific volume would be

a) L3

b) L-3

c) ML-3

d) M-1L3

52 / 76

The depth of flow at which specific energy is minimum is called

a) Normal depth

b) alternate depth

c) critical depth

d) none

53 / 76

Assertion A: To estimate the rainfall over a catchment, the number of raingauges required per unit area is large for hilly areas.
Reason R: Rainfall gradient is steep. Select your correct answer according to the coding system given below :

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

c) A is true but R is false

d) A is false but R is true

54 / 76

Under the same conditions, which of the following shapes of water surface will give the highest rate of evaporation?

a) flat water surface

b) convex water surface

c) concave water surface

d) independent of shape of water surface

55 / 76

A 70 % index of wetness means

a) rain excess of 30 %

b) rain deficiency of 30 %

c) rain deficiency of 70 %

d) none of the above

56 / 76

Rate of evaporation from a water surface increases if
i) difference of vapour pressure between water and air is increased
ii) velocity of wind is decreased
iii) concentration of soluble solids in water is decreased The correct answer is

a) (i) and (ii)

b) (i) and (iii)

c) (ii) and (iii)

d) (i). (ii) and (iii)

57 / 76

Which of the following types of rain gauges is used for measuring rain in remote hilly inaccessible areas?

a) tipping bucket type

b) weighing type

c) floating type

d) Simon's raingauge

58 / 76

A raingauge should preferably be fixed

a) near the building

b) under the tree

c) in an open space

d) in a closed space

59 / 76

Which of the following is a non-recording raingauge?

a) tipping bucket type raingauge

b) Simon's raingauge

c) Steven's weighing type raingauge

d) floating type raingauge

60 / 76

Cyclonic precipitation is caused by lifting of an air mass due to

a) pressure difference

b) temperature difference

c) natural topographical barriers

d) all of the above

61 / 76

If the intensity of rainfall is more than the infiltration capacity of soil, then the infiltration rate will be

a) equal to rate of rainfall

b) equal to infiltration capacity

c) more than rate of rainfall

d) more than infiltration capacity

62 / 76

Infiltration is the

a) movement of water through the soil

b) absorption of water by soil surface

c) both (a) and (b)

d) none of the above

63 / 76

The mean velocity in open channels can be estimated from the known velocity at the free surface it is appx equal to

a) 0.88

b) 0.75

c) 0.65

d) 1.1

64 / 76

Laminar sublayer exists within

a) laminar boundary layer region

b) transition zone

c) turbulent boundary layer region

d) none of these

65 / 76

The cavitation occurs in the pipe when the pressure is

a) equal to vapour pressure

b) very high

c) negative

d) none of these

66 / 76

The velocity is measured with a instrument shown is called as -

a) velocity meter

b) speedometer

c) horizontal axis current meter

d) vertical axis current meter

67 / 76

Infiltration capacity

a) is a constant factor

b) changes with time

c) changes with location

d) changes with both time and location

68 / 76

The depth of water required to bring the soil moisture content of a given soil up to its field capacity is called

a) hygroscopic water

b) equivalent moisture

c) soil moisture deficiency

d) pellicular water

69 / 76

Infiltration rate is always

a) more than the infiltration capacity

b) less than the infiltration capacity

c) equal to or less than the infiltration capacity

d) equal to or more than the infiltration capacity

70 / 76

Hydrograph is the graphical representation of

a) runoff and time

b) surface runoff and time

c) ground water flow and time

d) rainfall and time

71 / 76

With the increase in the quantity of water supplied, the yield of most crops

a) increases continuously

b) decreases continuously

c) increases upto a certain limit and then becomes constant

d) increases upto a certain limit and then decreases

72 / 76

The amount of irrigation water required to meet the evapotranspiration needs of the crop during its full growth is called

a) effective rainfall

b) consumptive use

c) consumptive irrigation requirement

d) net irrigation requirement

73 / 76

The water utilizable by plants is available in soils mainly in the form of

a) gravity water

b) capillary water

c) hydroscopic water

d) chemical water

74 / 76

The ratio of the quantity of water stored in the root zone of the crops to the quantity of water actually delivered in the field is known as

a) water conveyance efficiency

b) water application efficiency

c) water use efficiency

d) none of the above

75 / 76

For supplying water to rabi crop, kharif crop and sugarcane, the channel is designed for a capacity equal to the greater of the water requirement of

a) rabi or kharif

b) rabi and kharif or sugarcane

c) rabi and sugarcane or kharif and sugarcane

d) rabi or kharif or sugarcane

76 / 76

Irrigation engineering mainly deals with supplying water for

a) Nourishment of crops

b) Navigation

c) Fire fighting

d) Industries.

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Water Resources Engineering: Managing Our Most Vital Resource

Water is the cornerstone of life on Earth, and managing it effectively is critical for human survival and environmental sustainability. Water resources engineering is the discipline dedicated to understanding, developing, and managing water systems to meet the needs of society while preserving the environment. It encompasses various aspects such as water supply, hydrology, irrigation, flood control, and wastewater management.

See Also: Airport Engineering Quiz Set-1

The Scope of Water Resources Engineering

Water resources engineering integrates principles from civil engineering, environmental science, and hydrology to address diverse challenges. Its primary focus areas include:

1. Water Supply Systems: Ensuring a reliable and clean water supply for domestic, industrial, and agricultural use.
2. Irrigation Engineering: Designing and managing systems to optimize water usage in agriculture.
3. Flood Management: Developing strategies to predict, control, and mitigate flooding events.
4. Hydropower: Harnessing the energy of water for electricity generation.
5. Stormwater Management: Planning systems to manage and treat rainwater runoff.
6. Wastewater Treatment: Treating and reusing wastewater to minimize environmental impact.

Importance of Water Resources Engineering

The importance of water resources engineering cannot be overstated. It addresses key global challenges, such as:

• Water Scarcity: Providing solutions to regions experiencing water shortages due to overuse or climate change.
• Sustainable Development: Balancing the needs of population growth with the conservation of ecosystems.
• Disaster Mitigation: Protecting communities from water-related hazards like floods and droughts.
• Energy Production: Supporting the development of renewable hydropower.

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Key Techniques in Water Resources Engineering

Water resources engineers use a variety of techniques and technologies to design efficient systems, including:

• Hydrological Modeling: Simulating water flow and distribution to predict and manage resources.
• Remote Sensing and GIS: Mapping and analyzing geographical data for effective water management.
• Hydraulic Modeling: Studying the behavior of water in rivers, pipes, and other systems.
• Desalination: Converting seawater into potable water for regions with limited freshwater.
• Rainwater Harvesting: Capturing and storing rainwater for future use.

Challenges in Water Resources Engineering

Despite advancements, water resources engineering faces several challenges:

1. Climate Change: Altering precipitation patterns and increasing the frequency of extreme weather events.
2. Population Growth: Increasing demand for water resources in urban and rural areas.
3. Pollution: Contaminating water sources with industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste.
4. Aging Infrastructure: Requiring modernization and maintenance of water supply systems.
5. Equitable Distribution: Ensuring fair access to water resources across different regions and communities.

Real-World Applications of Water Resources Engineering

1. Urban Water Supply Systems: Designing pipelines, treatment plants, and reservoirs for cities.
2. Irrigation Networks: Supporting agricultural productivity with efficient water distribution.
3. Flood Control Projects: Building levees, dams, and stormwater channels to protect communities.
4. Hydropower Plants: Generating clean energy from rivers and reservoirs.
5. Wetland Restoration: Rehabilitating ecosystems to improve water quality and biodiversity.

The Future of Water Resources Engineering

The future of water resources engineering will be shaped by innovation and sustainability. Key trends include:

• Smart Water Management: Utilizing IoT and AI to monitor and optimize water systems in real-time.
• Decentralized Systems: Implementing small-scale, local solutions for water treatment and supply.
• Renewable Energy Integration: Combining hydropower with solar and wind energy.
• Advanced Treatment Technologies: Developing methods like membrane bioreactors and nanotechnology for water purification.
• Water Recycling and Reuse: Enhancing systems to treat and reuse wastewater efficiently.

How to Pursue a Career in Water Resources Engineering

If you’re interested in contributing to sustainable water management, here’s how to start:

1. Educational Requirements: Obtain a bachelor’s degree in civil or environmental engineering with a focus on water resources. Advanced degrees can help specialize in areas like hydrology or irrigation engineering.
2. Skill Development: Develop expertise in hydrological modeling, data analysis, and project management. Knowledge of tools like HEC-RAS, SWMM, and GIS is essential.
3. Certifications: Acquire credentials like Professional Engineer (PE) or Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM).
4. Experience: Gain practical experience through internships, research projects, and fieldwork.

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 FAQs

1. What is water resources engineering?
Water resources engineering is a field of civil engineering that focuses on the planning, development, and management of water systems to meet societal and environmental needs.

2. Why is water resources engineering important?
It is essential for ensuring a reliable water supply, managing floods, supporting agriculture, generating hydropower, and protecting ecosystems.

3. What are the main areas of water resources engineering?
Key areas include water supply systems, irrigation engineering, flood management, hydropower development, stormwater management, and wastewater treatment.

4. What skills are needed for a career in water resources engineering?
Skills required include analytical thinking, proficiency in hydrological and hydraulic modeling, GIS expertise, and project management.

5. What challenges do water resources engineers face?
Challenges include climate change, population growth, pollution, aging infrastructure, and equitable water distribution.

6. How does water resources engineering contribute to sustainability?
By promoting efficient water use, recycling, renewable energy, and ecosystem restoration, it ensures long-term resource availability and environmental health.

Water resources engineering is vital for shaping a sustainable future. By integrating technology, innovation, and environmental stewardship, it addresses the challenges of water management and supports the well-being of communities worldwide.